Marcel Duchamps Nude Descending Essay Example

Marcel Duchamps Nude Descending Essay Example Marcel Duchamps Nude Descending Paper Marcel Duchamps Nude Descending Paper Expressionism as a movement in Germany covered many different creative media such as visual art, literature and theatre, as well as its influence on the world of cinema. Its visual style and themes represent in many ways the personal and social conflict felt in Germany at the time, and as expressed by Klinge Klinge (1983, p. 106), to find answers, artists turned inward, to project human emotion through their films. This resulted in a collection of dark, mysterious horror films, the style of which has made a great impact on filmmakers since the period, and right up to the present day. An early expressionist film that embodies most of the characteristics associated with the movement is The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (Wiene, 1920), and I shall be looking at this film in particular detail -with reference to other Expressionist films and those influenced by them to understand further the techniques used in making the film and the meaning behind them. In order to understand the meaning behind the movement, it is vital to consider events previous to the period. From the unification of Germany in 1871, Europe suffered from civil unrest at the balance of powers within the continent, and WW1 (1914-1918) caused devastation and Germany suffered under the Treaty of Versailles (1919), which ended the war. A common theme in German Expressionist film is that of authority, or more specifically, the idea of tyranny (Kraucauer, 1947). In The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, Caligari uses his hypnotic power as a means of control of Cesare, who he makes commit murder. This idea of being under power which cannot be fought against may well be an analogy for Germanys treatment, and in their view, oppression, during the war years. In the end of the film, however, it is made clear that Francis is seemingly delusional, with the tyrannical figure of Caligari triumphing. In writers Hanz Janowitz and Carl Mayers original script, this did not happen, and the story exposed the madness inherent in an obsession with authority (Klinge Klinge, 1983). However, Wiene made the directorial choice to change this ending, so authority triumphed. This message was not followed in other expressionist films, such as Nosferatu (Murnau, 1922), where the films tyrannical antagonist is finally defeated. To add even more to the films ambiguity, a framing device is used the idea of Francis telling the story from inside the asylum (although we only really realise this in retrospect). The device shows audiences that the events seen are simply Francis interpretation, and leaves an uneasy feeling of not being sure what to believe a murderer getting away with his crime, or Francis being simply delusional. This idea of the world being disjointed and confusing is shown within the mise-en-scene of the films, as part of the sets. The sets, designed by three expressionist artists Walter Reimann, Walter Rohrig and Hermann Warm use sharp edges and jagged lines, such as the style of the houses in The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, which are set at angles with sharp corners. These sets are often representative to paintings within the Expressionist movement in visual arts, which feature the same angles and distorted perspective, for example, Marcel Duchamps Nude Descending a Staircase (1912), in which the nude and the staircase are represented abstractly, not in any kind of naturalistic way. These kinds of sets have made clear influence on more recent films, a particular director using the style being Tim Burton. An example of this is in his film Sleepy Hollow (1999); the trees in the forest backdrop are dark and jagged, with pointed ends. In the film, protagonist Crane experiences feelings of madness, and as with Expressionist film, the disjointedness of the sets represent these feelings. Another example of Burtons homage to Expressionist film is the set design on Batman Returns (1992), in which the long shots of Gotham City are reminiscent of those seen in Metropolis (Lang, 1926), with tall, looming buildings that seem oppressive to those below them. The acting in Expressionist cinema also contributes to the overall style of the film. Due to these films being made in the silent era, before the discovery of sound, much of the actors emotion was shown through their over the top expressions and gesture, and they often moved in a non-naturalistic way and attempted angular postures and jerky movement [ ] to reinforce the theme of a society out of kilter (Klinge Klinge, 1983). The representations of people within Expressionist paintings were also distorted, such as in Edward Munchs The Cry (1893), and as with the sets, these representations seemed to have an influence on the characterisation in the films.

Discuss why Hybrid Cars are negative to the Envirornment Research Paper

Discuss why Hybrid Cars are negative to the Envirornment - Research Paper Example Hybrids, formally referred to as hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs), infer automobiles powered by both petroleum products and electricity. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) employ a number of power sources to fuel movement. In the case of HEVs, the automobiles may be propelled by a combination of traditional gasoline or diesel with an electric battery that can be plugged in a peripheral power source (Anderson and Anderson 115). Electricity mainly supplements petroleum products as a prime power source, which in turn, yields fewer emissions and an enhanced gas mileage. The overriding perception within the car market industry is that hybrid or electric cars are environmentally benign. To some extent this is true as there are several benefits to purchasing a hybrid car; however, one should be conscious of some of the potential negative environmental influences of hybrid cars. If one takes the overall environmental cost of a vehicle right from design to its dismantling or recycling, hybrid-electric vehicles do not reasonably match the hype that they are presently getting (Phukidides par.1). Although hybrids are perceived as clean technology by a majority of people, hybrids with an internal combustion engine still generate pollutants to the environment. Similarly, the electricity generated to recharge the batteries and power the vehicles may be produced through â€Å"dirty technology† such as burning fossil fuels. The long-term impacts of hybrid cars to the environment include destructive impacts of battery waste disposals, and landfill contributions. Disposing of the batteries when they have outlived their worth also poses some environmental risks. Moreover, the metal components used in making the batteries may be processed and manufactured with diverse degrees of environmental risks (Anderson and

The effects of achol on the health,mental power, and relations of Essay

The effects of achol on the health,mental power, and relations of users - Essay Example se among the teenagers, children, pregnant women and elderly people is considered to have enormous health effects on both genders in the modern community. Specificity, this study explores the health effects of alcohol abuse and alcoholism on the modern teenagers and how these health effects influences their lifestyle., It is significant to study the health effect of alcohol and alcoholism of teenagers because the modern society relates alcohol to current lifestyle and believes drinking alcohol is a way of relieving stress. Moreover, there has been a rapid increase in the number of teenagers drinking and abusing alcohol. The aim of the paper is also to discuss the health issues related to alcoholism and alcohol abuse (Healey and Justin pg.23). †¢ Effects of alcohol on the brain. Such brain functions as memory, coordination, and motor skills are disturbed. Besides, researchers’ show that alcohol may have long-lasting effects as the brain continues to develop by age 20.Thus, alcohol is particularly hazardous for young users (Smart and Lesley, pg.43). In conclusion, alcohol abuse is a serious social problem which requires particular attention. It may ruin a person’s life. Therefore, timely assistance from the specialist is needed to help them manage the situation and find the solution to their issues. Occasionally, moderate drinking is usually healthy. It may help a person relax, both mentally and physically (Healey and Justin, pg.6). Thus, moderate consumption of alcohol may be healthy or at least not harmful. Its effects depend on the

Physical Eduaction Essay Example for Free

Physical Eduaction Essay In society’s struggle against the growing obesity epidemic and the rising number of health related illnesses, it is becoming increasingly important to ensure children are being taught the significance of participating in regular physical activity and to also attain an understanding of the different aspects of physical education. Physical education can be defined as the understanding, development and teaching of the sociological, physiological and psychological aspect within sport and physical activity. Physical education helps students develop social skills and understanding which will ultimately enable the student to become a positive member of society. Physical education also allows students to develop their own skills and knowledge of sports and physical activities, which in turn will help promote a healthy, active lifestyle and potentially provide future career opportunities. Physical education has the potential to make significant contributions to the education and development of children and young people in many ways. see more:physical education in the philippines Physical Education is the main institution for the development of physical skills in children and young people. Educational theorist Telama, has highlighted the idea that schools are the main environment for many children to be physically active, whether it is through physical education programs or after-school activities (Telama et al, 1997). The physiological benefits of Physical Education are well established. Regular participation in physical activities can help lead to a longer and better quality of life, reduced risk from a number of health related diseases and many psychological or emotional problems. Regular physical exercise can reduce the risk of hear disease, type two diabetes and high blood pressure while also helps in the prevention of weight gain and depression or anxiety (Wuest Fisette, 2012). Basic movement skills that are developed through Physical Education programs are the foundations of almost all sporting and physical activities. Booth suggests that ‘there is evidence that those who have developed a strong foundation in fundamental movement skills are more likely to be active, both during childhood and later in life’ (Okely et al, 2001). Motorlogical benefits can also be seen through Physical Education in the form of developing important movement skills, which are needed throughout day-to -day life. Such movement skills include: flexibility, agility, strength, speed and hand-eye coordination. Through a relevant and efficient Physical Education program, students have the potential to develop skills and technique, which may provide possible career pathways later in life. The sociological benefits of Physical Education provide students with the tools to become an active and influential member of society. Physical education theorist, Svoboda states that ‘numerous studies have demonstrated that appropriately structured and presented activities can make a contribution to the development of pro-social behavior’ (Shephard, 1997). Students who participate in physical education have the opportunity to develop important social skills while working in a collaborative environment; this is the fundamental for building and maintaining friendships and relationships through life. Evidence suggests the Physical Education has the potential to bring individuals from a variety of social and economic backgrounds together in a shared interest. This ultimately offers a sense of belonging to a team of club, provides the opportunity to develop values and competencies, and helps develop social networks (Bailey, 2005). Academic benefits and positive behavioral im provements can also be attributed to Physical Education. A study in France during the early 1950’s found that children who participated in regular physical activity showed fewer disciplinary problems and had greater capacity for concentration. In more recent studies, evidence indicates that again these students showed positive behavioral improvements are now also showing improvements in academic performance (Shephard, 1997) In addition to the physiological and sociological benefits of Physical Education, students can also psychologically benefits from regular physical activity. Wuest and Fisette suggest that ‘participation in exercise promotes positive thought and feelings. These serve to counteract negative thoughts and feelings as well as mood states associated with depression and anxiety’ (Wuest Fisette, 2012). Psychological benefits of participating in physical activity include: a reduced state of anxiety, improved mood and emotions, alleviating symptoms associated with mild depression and an improvement towards social interactions and relationships. A positive relationship between exercise and psychological states is clearly evident, with various research showing different explanations on how this relationship occurs. Physical Education is an imperative foundation in the development of all students. Physical Education provides the social and physiological constructs on how to not only become an active, connected member of society, but how to also lead a healthy and active life while reducing the risk of serious illnesses. Furthermore, in reducing the likelihood of developing mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety. Physical Education also carries significant psychological benefits. Physical Education has the potential to make substantial contributions to the education, development and wellbeing of all students. In each area discussed; physiological, sociological and psychological, there is evidence that proves Physical Education can have a positive and profound effect.

Reconciling Injustice and Necessity: The Statesman in the Practical City :: Essays Papers

Reconciling Injustice and Necessity: The Statesman in the Practical City When Socrates builds up a â€Å"city in speech† from ideals, he allows himself the option of overlooking the more distasteful features of real human cities simply by omitting them from the argument. His is a city whose primary purpose is to shed light on the soul of an individual, and its role as a metaphor allows it to contain logical conclusions which run wholly counter to the feasible practices of men. Aristotle permits himself no such luxury when he sets out to describe politics from the top down; he cannot overlook such thorny issues as slavery and empire because they exist as significant features in the constitutions of men and must be dealt with by statesmen, to whose needs Aristotle is particularly sensitive. Unlike Socrates, he cannot simply label these things unjust in the abstract and remove them from the ideal city. Aristotle, in his own description of an ideal constitution, is scrupulously practical, even when practicality prevents him from endorsing what would s eem to be the logical conclusions of his own arguments. His treatment of empire in the Politics, like his treatment of slavery—empire’s small-scale cousin—reflects this ability to reconcile a concept of absolute justice to the inevitable injustices of political life. It is not immediately obvious what Aristotle’s verdict on empire is. The institution seems to simultaneously violate several of his premises for a good city and promote others, and Aristotle sets up a comparison of the arguments for both sides to address this tension. On the one hand, he perceives injustice in states whose sole purpose is to conquer their neighbors, and chastises statesmen who arbitrarily enslave others for ruling â€Å"without regard to the right or wrong of what [he is] doing† (VII.ii.13) . He also praises the self-contained happiness of the isolationist state when he says, â€Å"It is possible to imagine a solitary state which is happy in itself†¦It will obviously have a good constitution† (VII.ii.16). However, both these lines of reasoning are incomplete condemnations of empire. The first implies only that the statesman is ultimately accountable to right and wrong in his actions and must consider this standard in his decision-making, no t that imperialism is in itself always on the side of wrong. He sees the thorough isolationism of the â€Å"solitary state† as problematic as well, ending his description of it with, â€Å"But it will have no regard to war† (VII. Reconciling Injustice and Necessity: The Statesman in the Practical City :: Essays Papers Reconciling Injustice and Necessity: The Statesman in the Practical City When Socrates builds up a â€Å"city in speech† from ideals, he allows himself the option of overlooking the more distasteful features of real human cities simply by omitting them from the argument. His is a city whose primary purpose is to shed light on the soul of an individual, and its role as a metaphor allows it to contain logical conclusions which run wholly counter to the feasible practices of men. Aristotle permits himself no such luxury when he sets out to describe politics from the top down; he cannot overlook such thorny issues as slavery and empire because they exist as significant features in the constitutions of men and must be dealt with by statesmen, to whose needs Aristotle is particularly sensitive. Unlike Socrates, he cannot simply label these things unjust in the abstract and remove them from the ideal city. Aristotle, in his own description of an ideal constitution, is scrupulously practical, even when practicality prevents him from endorsing what would s eem to be the logical conclusions of his own arguments. His treatment of empire in the Politics, like his treatment of slavery—empire’s small-scale cousin—reflects this ability to reconcile a concept of absolute justice to the inevitable injustices of political life. It is not immediately obvious what Aristotle’s verdict on empire is. The institution seems to simultaneously violate several of his premises for a good city and promote others, and Aristotle sets up a comparison of the arguments for both sides to address this tension. On the one hand, he perceives injustice in states whose sole purpose is to conquer their neighbors, and chastises statesmen who arbitrarily enslave others for ruling â€Å"without regard to the right or wrong of what [he is] doing† (VII.ii.13) . He also praises the self-contained happiness of the isolationist state when he says, â€Å"It is possible to imagine a solitary state which is happy in itself†¦It will obviously have a good constitution† (VII.ii.16). However, both these lines of reasoning are incomplete condemnations of empire. The first implies only that the statesman is ultimately accountable to right and wrong in his actions and must consider this standard in his decision-making, no t that imperialism is in itself always on the side of wrong. He sees the thorough isolationism of the â€Å"solitary state† as problematic as well, ending his description of it with, â€Å"But it will have no regard to war† (VII.

Entertainment Is Something Which Distracts Our Daily Life Routine Essay

What is entertainment? There are many definitions of entertainment but I look at it as something which diverts or may distract us from our daily life routine. It helps us relax for periods of time thus forget our worries and cares; our habits and thoughts are interrupted, it rests our minds and nerves, though it can also drain our energies thus exhaust our bodies (Herbert, 2012). There are multiple forms of entertainment that are in play nowadays that people find a good way to release themselves from the daily life routines. Entertainment has many forms that are endless but the main agenda is to divulge us from the daily patterns of life .In the resent generation people have been looking for better and easier ways to forge a living in a simpler manner, therefore making recreation or entertainment the most available solution to releasing them from never-ending stress and responsibilities in their daily lives (Herbert, 1946). Entertainment diverts our thoughts to moments of laxity and less care to our worries and anxieties. Our worries can either bring our heart and mind to a low or bring us to a high, in a sense that it brings an immeasurable amount of adrenaline or a low to mean laxity of mind and less activity of body. And this immense adrenaline definitely is brought about by sporting activities. Sporting activities make most of the body parts to actively participate therefore making us have the feeling of our existence within. Again in the present times technology has greatly evolved forcing humans to evolve with it. With this aspect involved, we are now encircled by smart phones, internet and all kinds of similar gadgets like television sets and iPods which have a considerable amount of our daily working life and entertainment of which we can’t imagine our entertainment or leisure time without. Everything that we are involved with at this age in time is all about entertainment as Tony Robbins puts it (Herbert, 2012) . Reading and writing has been a form of entertainment for many people. This is by books, magazines, blogs reading and writing in internet or paper. To the children reading of comics of heroes like Bat man, Super man and many others makes the happy and entertained. Also children as opposed to the adults who write; they find it entertaining to draw patterns and characters on paper. All this is educative and entertaining at the same time because it moves us from daily patterns of life while we are adding knowledge. Marshall McLuhan say that anyone who tries to make a distinction between education and entertainment doesn’t know a thing about either dance; music and films have found their way into people’s definition of entertainment and recreation (Herbert, 1946). A huge number of entertainment gadgets presently have to have music or visual images to be considered as items of entertainment. This is the other good way that recreation time can be well utilized. This is found in social joint like pubs, bars, disco etc. From my perception, our personalities can be defined by how we choose our entertainment activities e.g. If you are into parachuting you might be quite crazy, courageous and also an energetic person. But one who spends hours drawing, he or she might be a shy person, maybe calm and may also you be a patient person. Some entertainment forms may prove illogical e.g. ten people chasing after one ball but all in all each of us is unique in his or her own way thus we have what we like more us compared to other things. In conclusion entertainment does distract us from daily life routine because it soothes our feelings thus making us happy for we create our own worlds and forget about the rest of the world. Different entertainment activities create a longer period of happiness in turn causing continuous distraction.

Life in the Ghettos Controlling and Segret - 1328 Words

â€Å"The Jews were convinced that it couldn’t get any worse. The truth is that, to the very end, every stage was more difficult and more terrible. The dynamics of this development are the essence of horror† (Vashem, 2010). A ghetto is a part of a city where Jews were forced to live in horrendous conditions. Even though a ghetto was a transitional stage, it was still an atrocious place to be. The least of importance is what is ghetto and where did it originate. The term â€Å"ghetto† originated from the name of the Jewish quarter in Venice, established in 1516, in which the Venetian authorities compelled the city’s Jews to live (United States United Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2013). The creation of ghettos for Jews in Frankfurt, Rome, Prague, and†¦show more content†¦We got our rations, we got our rations, but the rations were always shrinking you know. From the beginning we got a loaf of bread for, uhh, 8 days and then we got a loaf of bread fo r 10 days and so on, so we always got less, and less and, uhh, then when you got a portion of bread you just took a slice but you were always hungry, so you went back, don’t forget it is supposed to last you for 8 days, so you took another piece of bread but you still hungry and you says well, just a tiny slice and I will be okay. So food was the most important thing in the ghetto. The food was coming into the ghetto in bulk like flour for baking bread come in, come in bulk. And, uh, they had the bakers in the ghetto. Baker is the best job in the ghetto. Used to be to work in the bakery you had to pull strings to know somebody that could protect you to be able to work in a bakery because you could eat as much as you want you can eat. And some people got sick, for them to get to give to regain their strength to feel better, if you had to pull, you would get a job in a bakery. (Merrick, 2008) Not only was the life in a Ghetto difficult, it was also excruciating to survive in. The greatest of importance was how people survived in ghettos. The Jews were only permitted to take a few personal items with them to the ghetto, in the process being stripped of